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求"中西饮食文化差异"的英文论文

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求"中西饮食文化差异"的英文论文

你可以从以下几点着手:
一.餐桌礼仪概述

1. 餐桌礼仪在中西方文化发展中的地位与作用.
二. 各国间不同的饮食文化
1. 我国饮食文化的发展及餐桌礼仪的形成.
2. 英、法、美、意等国家的饮食文化发展及餐桌礼仪的形成.
3. 用我国的典型食品北京烤鸭与西方国家的火鸡进行对比从而进一步比较两者差异.
4. 从差异中寻求中西文化间的共同点.
5. 形成中西方文化差异的根源.
Table Manners
The main difference between Chinese and W estern eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g.four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impopssible to finish.
A typical meal starts with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally a soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple"food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on.
One thing to be aware of is that when eating with a Chinese host, you may find that the person is using their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there, and maybe cover it up with a little rice when they are not looking. There is a certain amount of leniency involved when dealing with Westerners. So you won't be chastised.
Eating No-no's
Traditionally speaking, there are many taboos at Chinese tables, but these days not many people pay attention to them. However, there are a few things to keep in mind, especially if you are a guest at a private home.
1) Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead,lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!
2) Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting,usually just outward from the table.
3) Don't tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, in a restaurant, if the food is coming too slow people will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home, it is like insulting the cook.
Eat Local
You can get expensive, delicious meals in any of the large hotels, but if you are looking for atmosphere, you have to go to a local joint. Not only is it cheaper, but you can get a good look at the locals and what normal people are like. And what the food lacks in presentation is made up for in the taste. Some restaurants have English menus, but don't count on it. A good way to choose dishes is to look at what othes are eating and point at it for the waitress. The other option is to play "Myatery Dinner," where players randomly point at items in the menu and wait for the surprise dishes to come. Whoever orders the braised dog heart with scallions in shark vomit sauce wins! If you bring your Guide with you, however, you can use the food guide in the back of the book to choose some safe and delicious fare.
Also, be sure to sample the local brew, Yanjing Beer.
Drining
Gan Bei!(cheers!)
Alcohol is a big part of eating in Beijing. Especially when dining with Chinese hosts, you can expect the beer to flow freely and many beis to be gan-ed.(Gan Bei literally means "dry the glass")Besides beer, the official Chinese alcoholic beverage is bai jiu, high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted grains. There are varying degrees of bai jiu, and some are quite good. The Beijing favorite is called Er Guo Tou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive and less formidable are Maotai and Wuliangye, which go for about 300-400 yuan per bottle. In comparison, Er Guo Tou costs a modest 4or 5 yuan per ping(bottle). If you are not a drinker, or don't feel up to the challenge, just say "wo bu hui he jiu"(I don't drink). It is generally acceptable to use Coke or tea as an alcohol substitute.

需要写论文。

因为医学专业作为一种学术性强的学科,在毕业时需要通过论文的形式,对所学的研究进行总结和概括。

医学领域的学术成果也很重要,作为一种科研成果,论文的发表对医学专业毕业生的职业生涯也有很大的帮助。

此外,医学专业论文的撰写有助于学生深入研究所学的学科知识,并促进其科研能力的提高。

同时,论文也是医学专业毕业生申请硕士和博士学位以及科研项目的重要参考依据。

在医学专业中,写论文是一项必修的课程和毕业要求,因此医学专业毕业生需要花时间和精力去撰写相应的论文,以达到毕业要求。

因此,写论文是医学专业毕业

以下是一篇关于中西方餐桌礼仪差异的论文大纲:


I. 引言

    A. 主题简介

    B. 论文目的和研究问题

    C. 论文结构概述


II. 中西方餐桌礼仪的基本概念和背景

    A. 中西方饮食文化的起源和发展

    B. 中西方餐桌礼仪的起源和发展

    C. 餐桌礼仪在中西方社交场合中的重要性


III. 中西方餐桌礼仪的主要差异

    A. 餐桌座位安排和座次礼仪

        1. 中方:主宾、主宾、副宾、副宾、陪客的座次安排

        2. 西方:以年龄、社会地位等因素为依据的座次安排

    B. 餐桌食物和餐具的使用

        1. 中方:筷子、调羹、餐盘

        2. 西方:刀、叉、餐盘

    C. 餐桌礼仪的具体表现和要求

        1. 中方:礼貌、热情、尊重、谨慎、谦逊

        2. 西方:尊重、礼貌、尊重他人、直率、自我表达

    D. 餐桌上的礼仪交流和表现

        1. 中方:委婉、含蓄、暗示、恭维

        2. 西方:直接、坦诚、事实求是、幽默


IV. 中西方餐桌礼仪差异的形成原因

    A. 文化、历史、宗教和传统的影响

    B. 社交场合和目的的差异

    C. 人际关系和沟通的差异


V. 中西方餐桌礼仪的影响和启示

    A. 对个人和社会的影响

    B. 在跨文化交流中的重要性

    C. 对中西方文化交流和融合的启示


VI. 结论

    A. 中西方餐桌礼仪差异的总结

    B. 中西方餐桌礼仪差异的意义和价值

    C. 中西方餐桌礼仪的发展趋势和融合


根据此大纲,您可以进行深入的文献调研和案例分析,以更好地理解中西方餐桌礼仪的差异及其形成原因。在撰写论文时,请注意保持客观、公正的态度,避免对任何一方的偏见和歧视。

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